The Noble Mahayana Sanghatasutra Dharma-Paryaya

Dear readers of this amazing sutra, which exists in the world as an actual manifestation of the Buddhas’ compassion for us,

The first half is a translation from the Tibetan; the second half is a translation from the Sanskrit. May this bring you the blessings of all the holy texts in both languages! When that font changes, that is when you are beginning the Sanskrit translation.

The indented parts appear as verses in the original Sanskrit and Tibetan. Although the verses have not been made beautiful in the English translations as they are in the original, please read them with the understanding that these are all four-lined verses, which the sutra refers to many times.

May the kindness of the Buddha, as embodied within this wondrous sutra, fill the hearts of all beings and turn them all to virtue. Just as this Sanghata sutra has existed for many centuries until now in the world only to benefit, may the Buddhadharma remain for aeons more, to bring comfort and aid to all.

The Noble Mahayana Sanghatasutra Dharma-Paryaya

In the language of India:
Ārya Sańghāţasūtra dharmma-paryāya

In the language of Tibet:
phag pa zung gi do’i cho kyi nam trang

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Homage to all the buddhas and bodhisattvas!

Thus I have heard at one time.

The Blessed One was dwelling in Rajagriha, on Vulture’s Peak, together with a great assembly of 32,000 monks, including the venerable Ajñanakaundinya, the venerable Maha Maudgalyayana, the venerable Shariputra, the venerable Mahakashyapa, the venerable Rahula, the venerable Bakkula, the venerable Bhadrapàla, the venerable Bhadrashri, the venerable Chandanashri, the venerable Jangula, the venerable Subhuti, the venerable Revata, the venerable Nandasena, the venerable Ananda and so forth, and together with 62,000 bodhisattvas, including the bodhisattva, the great being Maitreya, the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura, the bodhisattva, the great being Kumarashri, the bodhisattva, the great being Kumaravasin, the bodhisattva, the great being Kumarabhadra, the bodhisattva, the great being Anuna, the bodhisattva, the great being Manjushri, the bodhisattva, the great being Samantabhadra, the bodhisattva, the great being Sudarshana, the bodhisattva, the great being
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Bhaishajyasena, the bodhisattva, the great being Vajrasena and so forth, and together with 12,000 sons of gods, including the divine son Arjuna, the divine son Bhadra, the divine son Subhadra, the divine son Dharmaruci, the divine son Chandanagarbha, the divine son Chandanavasin, the divine son Chandana and so forth, and together with 8,000 daughters of gods, including the divine daughter Mrdamgini, the divine daughter Prasadavati, the divine daughter Mahatmasamprayukta, the divine daughter Glorious Eye, the divine daughter Prajapati vasini, the divine daughter Balini, the divine daughter Glorious Wealth, the divine daughter Subahuyukta and so forth, and together with 8,000 naga kings, including the naga king Apalala, the naga king Elapatra, the naga king Timimgila, the naga king Kumbhasara, the naga king Kumbhashirsha, the naga king Causing Virtue, the naga king Sunanda, the naga king Sushakha, the naga king Gavashirsha and so forth.

All of them proceeded to the place where Rajagriha was, where Vulture’s Peak was and where the Blessed One was. Having reached there, they prostrated with their heads at the feet of the Blessed One, circumambulated the Blessed One three times, and then they all sat down in front of the Blessed One.

The Blessed One assented to their presence by remaining silent. Then the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura arose. Placing his upper robe over one shoulder, setting his right knee on the ground and placing his palms together in the direction of the Blessed One, he bowed respectfully, and addressed the Blessed One as follows: “Blessed One, a million gods, a million children of gods, many millions of bodhisattvas have gathered. Blessed Ones, many millions of shravakas have gathered, and naga kings too have gathered, and are seated for the purpose of listening to the Dharma. That being so, may the Tathagata, the Arhat, the fully enlightened Buddha please explain that sort of introductory teaching by which, as soon as they hear it, old sentient beings immediately purify all their karmic obstacles, and by which young sentient beings make great effort at virtuous Dharma and thereby attain superiority, and their virtuous actions do not degenerate, do not at all degenerate and will not degenerate.”

He said this, and the Blessed One spoke thus to the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura, “Sarvashura, that you thought to ask the Tathagata about this topic is good, very good. Therefore, Sarvashura, listen attentively and keep in mind, and I will tell you.”

Having said to the Blessed One, “It will be as you say,” the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura listened in front of the Blessed One.

The Blessed One spoke thus to him: “Sarvashura, there is a dharma-paryaya called Sanghata which is active on this planet earth. If anybody hears this Sanghata dharma-paryaya, their five uninterrupted karmas will be purified and they will never turn away from the unsurpassed, perfectly completed enlightenment. Sarvashura, if you think about this and wonder why it is so, and you think that those who hear this Sanghata sutra will produce as much a mass of merit as is accumulated by one Tathagata, you should not see it like that.”

Sarvashura says: “Well, then, how should it be seen?”

The Blessed One speaks: “Sarvashura, they will produce as much a mass of merit as is accumulated by the number of bodhisattvas, great beings, equal to the mass of merit accumulated by as many Tathagatas, Arhats, fully enlightened Buddhas as the number of grains of sands in the Ganges river. Sarvashura, those who hear this Sanghata dharma-paryaya will never turn back. They will see the Tathagata. They will never be separated from seeing the Tathagata. They will be completely enlightened in the unsurpassed, perfectly completed awakening. The virtuous dharmas that all of them will achieve will not be overcome by the evil Maras.

Sarvashura, all those who hear this Sanghata dharma-paryaya will understand birth and cessation.”

Then, at that moment, all those bodhisattvas arose, placed their upper robe over one shoulder, set the right knee on the ground, and asked of the Blessed One: “Blessed One, how much is the mass of merit of one Tathagata?”

The Blessed One spoke as follows: “Sons of the lineage, listen to the measure of the mass of merit of one Buddha. It is as follows: To make an analogy, as many drops of water as there are in the great ocean, and particles of dust on the planet, and grains of sand in the Ganges river, that is equal to the mass of merit of a bodhisattva abiding on the tenth level. The mass of merit of a Buddha is much greater than that.

As for those sentient beings who hear this Sanghata dharma-paryaya, the mass of merit they will produce is much greater even than that. It is not possible to realize the limit of that mass of merit by counting. Sarvashura, at that time, at that moment, those who are greatly inspired upon hearing these words will produce an immeasurable mass of merit.”

Then the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura said this to the Blessed One, “Blessed One, who are those sentient beings who thirst tremendously for the Dharma?”
After he said this, the Blessed One spoke as follows to the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura: “Sarvashura, those sentient beings who thirst tremendously are two: What are those two? Sarvashura, they are as follows: One has an equal mind towards all sentient beings. The second, Sarvashura, having heard the Dharma, shows it perfectly to all sentient beings equally.”

The bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura said, “Blessed One, who having heard Dharma shows it perfectly to all sentient beings equally?”

The Blessed One spoke: “Sarvashura, one who has heard the Dharma dedicates him or herself to awakening. Whenever one has dedicated him or herself to awakening, for the sake of sentient beings one thirsts for Dharma. Sarvashura, the second is anyone who enters into the Mahayana; that one is also always thirsty for the Dharma.”

Then the millions of gods, nagas, humans and daughters of gods arose, and placing their palms together in the direction of the Blessed One, addressed the Blessed One.
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“Blessed One, we too are thirsty for the Dharma, and that being so, may the Blessed One completely fulfill the wishes of us and of all sentient beings.”
At that time, at that moment, the Blessed One showed a smile.

Then the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura arose, and bowed down placing his palms together towards the Blessed One. He addressed the Blessed One as follows: “Blessed One, what is the cause of your smile, what is the condition?”

Then the Blessed One spoke to the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura, “Sarvashura, those sentient beings who came here will be completely enlightened in the unsurpassed, perfectly completed awakening. They will all fully accomplish the experiences of the Tathagatas.”

The bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura said, “Blessed One, by what cause, by what condition will the sentient beings who came here be completely enlightened in the unsurpassed, perfectly completed awakening?”

The Blessed One spoke: “Sarvashura, it is good, very good that you ask the Tathagata about this topic. Therefore, Sarvashura, listen to the attributes of dedication:
“Sarvashura, at a time long past, countless aeons ago, a Tathagata, an Arhat, a fully enlightened Buddha named Ratnashri, endowed with knowledge and good conduct, gone to bliss, a knower of the world, unsurpassed helmsman of beings to be tamed, teacher of gods and humans, a Buddha, a Blessed One, arose in the world.

“Sarvashura, at that time, at that moment, I was a brahmin youth. All those sentient beings whom I was leading to the gnosis of a Buddha were at that time wild animals. At that time, at that moment, I made this prayer, ‘Any wild animal who is now tormented by suffering, may they all be reborn in my Buddha field. May they all also be led by me to the gnosis of a Buddha.’ And all those wild animals, having heard those words, assenting, said, ‘May it be so.’

“Sarvashura, therefore, by this root of merit these sentient beings have come to be like this. They will be completely enlightened in the unsurpassed, perfectly completed awakening.”

Thereupon, after hearing this greatly joyful thing from the Buddha, bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura said the following to the Blessed One: “Blessed One, what lifespan is possible for those sentient beings?”

The Blessed One spoke: “A lifespan of 80,000 aeons is possible for those sentient beings.”

The bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura said, “Blessed One, how much is the measure of an aeon?” 4

The Blessed One spoke: “Child of the lineage, listen. It is as follows. To make an analogy, a man might erect an enclosure some 12 yojanas in circumference and three yojanas in height, and that enclosure is completely filled with nothing but sesame seeds.

Then, when one hundred years have passed, that man casts away a single sesame seed from that enclosure that is completely filled with sesame seeds. In such a manner, even when that man has used up all those sesame seeds, and even the foundation and base of that enclosure no longer exist, still an aeon would not have been used up.

“Moreover, Sarvashura, it is as follows. To make an analogy, there might be a mountain 50 yojanas in depth and some 12 yojanas in height. Then a man erects a house on the side of that mountain, and for a long time, whenever one hundred years have passed, that man wipes it one time with a silken cloth. Having done that, although the mountain would be used up, an aeon would not have been used up.

“Sarvashura, such is the length of time of an aeon.”

Then, the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura arose and addressed the Blessed One.

“Blessed One, if even one dedication produces a large mass of merit such that it can bring about a happy lifespan of 80 aeons, what need could there be to mention someone who greatly reveres the teachings of the Tathagata?”

The Blessed One spoke: “Listen, child of the lineage: if anyone who hears the Sanghata sutra dharma-paryaya is able to live a lifespan of 84,000 aeons, what need is there to mention one who has the Sanghata sutra written out and who reads it? Sarvashura, that one will produce an extremely large mass of merit.
“Sarvashura, anyone who makes heartfelt prostrations to the Sanghata sutra with a mind of faith will remember their past lives for 99 aeons. That person will become a wheel-turning king for 60 aeons.

Even in that lifetime, everyone will like that person. Sarvashura, that person’s death will not be brought about by weapons. That person’s death will not be brought about by poison. That person will not be harmed by black magic. At the time of death, too, that person will see 99 million Buddhas directly, and, Sarvashura, those Buddhas, those Blessed Ones, will say to that person: ‘Holy being, because the great Sanghata sutra dharma-paryaya, explained in detail, has been heard by you, therefore this mass of merit has arisen.’ And those 99 million Buddhas, the Blessed Ones, will also predict the place of enlightenment.

“Sarvashura, what need is there to mention whoever hears this great Sanghata sutra dharma-paryaya to the end, completely and extensively? Therefore, they will comfort that person, saying ‘Do not fear.’”

Then the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura said this to the Blessed One: “Blessed One, I too will listen to the great Sanghata sutra dharma-paryaya; what mass of merit will I then produce, Blessed One?”

The Blessed One spoke: “Sarvashura, those sentient beings too will produce a mass of merit as much as the merit of the number of Buddhas, Tathagatas, equaling the number of grains of sand in the Ganges river.”

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He said, “Blessed One, when I listen to the great Sanghata sutra dharma-paryaya, I can’t get enough of it.”

The Blessed One spoke: “Sarvashura, it is good, very good, that you are unable to get enough of the Dharma teachings. Sarvashura, I too am unable to get enough of the Dharma teachings. Therefore, Sarvashura, what need is there to mention that ordinary beings do not get enough? Sarvashura, a son or daughter of the lineage, anyone who generates faith in the Mahayana, will not go to wrong destinies for a thousand aeons; will not become an animal for 5,000 aeons; will not be evil-minded for 12,000 aeons; will not be born in a remote province for 18,000 aeons; will be a major sponsor of the Dharma for 20,000 aeons; will be born in the world of gods for 25,000 aeons; will be celibate for 35,000 aeons; will renounce the householder’s way of life for 40,000 aeons; will uphold the Dharma for 50,000 aeons and will meditate on the recollection of former lives for 65,000 aeons.

“Sarvashura, not even the slightest negative karma will occur to that son or daughter of the lineage. The evil Maras will not find an opportunity to harm them. They will never be reborn in the womb of a mother.

Sarvashura, anyone who hears this Sanghata dharma-paryaya, no matter where they are born, for 95 countless aeons, they will not fall into a wrong rebirth. For 8,000 aeons, they will uphold what they have heard. For 1,000 aeons they will abandon killing. For 99,000 aeons, they will abandon telling lies. For 13,000 aeons, they will abandon slander.

“Sarvashura, sentient beings who have heard this dharma-paryaya are difficult to find.”

Then the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura arose, placed his upper robe over one shoulder, set his right knee on the ground, placed his palms together in the direction of the Blessed One, and addressed the Blessed One as follows:
“Blessed One, whoever abandons this dharma-paryaya, how large will be the mass of negative karma they produce?”

The Blessed One spoke: “Sarvashura, it is much.”

He said, “Blessed One, how large will be the mass of negative karma that these sentient beings produce?”

The Blessed One spoke: “Sarvashura, be quiet. Be quiet. Do not ask me about all the masses of negative karma. Sarvashura, compared to generating ill-will towards as many Tathagatas, Arhats, perfectly completed Buddhas as there are grains of sand in 12 Ganges rivers, those who are contemptuous of the Sanghata sutra will produce a far greater mass of non-virtue.

Sarvashura, those who generate ill-will towards the Mahayana also will produce a far greater mass of non-virtue than that. Sarvashura, those sentient beings are burnt. They are just burnt.”

Sarvashura asked, “Blessed One, are these sentient beings unable to become liberated?”

The Blessed One spoke: “Sarvashura, that is so. They are unable to be liberated.
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“Sarvashura, it is as follows. To make an analogy, were some man’s head to be cut off, if someone were to apply to their head, as a poultice, either honey or sugar or molasses or butter or any medicinal poultice, what do you think about this, Sarvashura? Would this person be able to rise up again?”
Sarvashura said, “Blessed One, this cannot be.”

The Blessed One spoke: “Moreover, Sarvashura, there will also be another man. If he were to strike another sentient being one blow with a sharp weapon, although by that he would be unable to kill him, Sarvashura, there would occur a wound. If medicine were applied, his wound would heal. At the time when he has revived, recalling the suffering, that man would think, ‘Now I understand, and so at no time will I create sin, negative karma.’ As one who reflects in this way, Sarvashura, when that man recalls the suffering, he completely abandons sin. At that time, he will realize all the dharmas. Having realized all dharmas, at that time, he will bring to completion all the virtuous dharmas.

“Sarvashura, it is as follows: To make an analogy, the parents of some man who died grieve and lament, but nevertheless they have no ability to protect him. In the same way, Sarvashura, ordinary individuals are unable to help themselves or others. Like the parents whose hopes have been cut off, these sentient beings too at the time of death will have their hopes cut off.

“Sarvashura, there are two sentient beings whose hopes are cut off. Which are the two? They are as follows. One is a sentient being who does evil or has it done. The other is one who abandons the holy Dharma. These two sentient beings, at the time of death, have their hopes cut off.”

The bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura said, “Blessed One, what is the rebirth of these sentient beings? What is their life afterwards?”

The Blessed One spoke: “Sarvashura, limitless are the rebirths of sentient beings who are contemptuous of the Dharma. Limitless are their future lives.

Sarvashura, sentient beings who abandon the Dharma will experience sensations for an aeon in the sentient beings’ great hell of Sobbing; for an aeon in the Crushing Hell, an aeon in the Hot Hell, an aeon in the Extremely Hot Hell, an aeon in the sentient beings’ great hell of Black Lines, an aeon in the sentient beings’ great hell Avici, an aeon in the sentient beings’ great hell called Hair Rising, an aeon in the sentient beings’ great hell called ‘kyi hu,’ and, Sarvashura, they will have to experience the sufferings of these eight sentient beings’ great hells For eight aeons.”

Then the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura said the following: “Blessed One, it is suffering. One Gone to Bliss, it is suffering. It is not joyful to hear.”
Then, at that time, the Blessed One spoke these verses:

“How beings in the beings’ hell, experience such sufferings Greatly fearsome words like these
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You find joyless just to hear. Who does virtuous actions That will become bliss. Who does negative actions That becomes only suffering. Who knows not happiness’ cause, Being born, will suffer evermore Torment of death and bound to grief. Who recalls the Buddha as supreme These wise ones are happy.

Also who has faith in the Great Vehicle Will not go to lower rebirth Sarvashura, in this way, urged by previous karma Having done even a small action, Limitless results will be enjoyed. In the Buddha field, the supreme field, if one plants a seed, great will be the results. Just as from planting a few seeds, many results are enjoyed, So those who take joy in the Conqueror’s teachings, those skilled ones will be happy. Negativities they will abandon, And virtue too will greatly do.

As an offering to my teachings, whoever offers even a mere hair will for eighty thousand aeons, have great possessions and much wealth too, Wherever they are born, they will always be generous.

In that way the Buddha, a deep place of giving, has great results.

Then the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura said this to the Blessed One: “How is the Dharma that is taught by the Blessed One to be had?

Blessed One, after hearing the Sanghata sutra dharma-paryaya, how are the roots of virtue to be firmly held?”

The Blessed One spoke: “Sarvashura, the mass of merit of one who listens to this Sanghata sutra dharma-paryaya should be known as the same as someone who worships as many Tathagatas, Arhats, fully enlightened Buddhas as the number of grains of sand in 12 Ganges rivers, providing them with everything required for their happiness.”
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The bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura says, “Blessed One, how are the roots of virtue to be thoroughly completed?”

He asked this, and the Blessed One spoke to the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura as follows: “These roots of virtue are to be understood to be equal to a Tathagata.”

“Those roots of virtue which are to be equal to a Tathagata, what are they?”
The Blessed One spoke: “The expounder of the Dharma is to be understood to be equal to a Tathagata.”

The bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura said, “Blessed One, who is an expounder of the Dharma?”

“Whoever recites the Sanghata sutra, that one is an expounder of the Dharma.”

The bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura said, “If even those who hear the Sanghata sutra dharma-paryaya will produce such a mass of merit, what need is there to mention those who write it down and read it. How much a mass of merit will they produce?”

The Blessed One spoke as follows: “Sarvashura, listen. It is as follows: To make an analogy, in each of the four directions, as many Tathagatas, Arhats, perfectly completed Buddhas as the number of grains of sand in 12 Ganges rivers remain For 12 aeons and teach the Dharma, yet even if they should express the mass of merit of the one writing the Sanghata sutra, they would not be able to realize its end nor express it in words.

If even as many Buddhas, Blessed Ones, as the number of grains of sand in 48 Ganges rivers are unable to express the mass of merit of the one writing it, what need is there to mention that whoever writes or reflects on or recites it will become a treasury of the Dharma?”

The bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura said, “How much will be the mass of merit of the one who recites it ?”

Then, at that time, the Blessed One spoke these verses:

As for the virtues of one who has read merely just a four-lined verse, Conquerors as many as the grains of sand found in eighty-four Ganges, though expressing without pause the merits that the one who read it has, will not exhaust that merit.

The Dharma taught by the Buddhas is hard to find, and endless. And also at the time, at that moment, 84,000 ten billions of millions of gods made homage by putting

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their palms together in the direction in which the Sanghata sutra dharma-paryaya was taught, and said this to the Blessed One: “Blessed One, for whatever purpose the Blessed One placed such a Dharma treasury as this on this planet earth, it is good, very good.”

Further, 18,000 ten billions of millions of Jain ascetics arrived at the place where the Blessed One was, and said this to the Blessed One: “Oh, Ascetic Gautama, may you be victorious!”

The Blessed One spoke: “The Tathagata is always victorious. Oh, extremist nudists, how could you extremists be victorious?”

They said, “Be victorious. Ascetic Gautama, be victorious.”

The Blessed One spoke: “I do not see a victor amongst you:

If you abide wrongly, How are you to be victors? You naked ones, listen, and I will express something beneficial for you. The mind of a child has nothing pleasant. How are you to be victorious? Therefore, by the Buddha-eye, to whomever it is to be taught I will teach also the profound path.

Then those Jain ascetics, out of anger at the Blessed One, generated a disbelieving mind. At that time, at that moment, the lord of the gods, Indra, swung his thunderbolt, and the 18,000 millions of Jain ascetics having become terrified, were in despair on account of the great suffering, and sobbed with tears flowing. And the Blessed One also made his body disappear. Then the Jain ascetics sobbed with tear-filled faces, and, not seeing the Blessed One, said these verses:

Now there is no one to shelter us, Neither father nor mother. We see it as a wilderness No empty house, no place to stay. Here too no water is. Nor any tree nor any bird. Here no being is seen. Without a protector, suffering is felt Not seeing the Tathagata, inexhausted, great suffering is experienced.

Then at that time too, the 18,000 millions of Jain ascetics rose, knelt with both feet on the ground and, raising their voices, sung out:
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Tathagata, compassionate one, Completed Buddha, supreme among humans Do benefit to us. Please be a refuge to the despairing beings.

Then the Blessed One showed a smile, and spoke to the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura: “Sarvashura, go and teach the Dharma to the extremist naked ones.”

Having spoken thus, the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura said the following to the Blessed One: “Blessed One, if the Black Mountain demolishes its rock paying homage with its peak to Mount Sumeru, the king of mountains, how am I to teach the Dharma while the Tathagata is present?”

The Blessed One spoke: “Be quiet. Child of the lineage, by any of the skilful means of the Buddhas, Sarvashura, go, look in the universes in the ten directions, and look where the Tathagatas are appearing and where the seats are set up, and, Sarvashura, I myself will teach the Dharma to the others, the extremist naked ones.”

The bodhisattva Sarvashura said, “Blessed One, by means of my own magic or rather by the magic of the Tathagatas, by the power of whose magic shall I go?”

The Blessed One spoke: “Sarvashura, go by the blessing of the strength of your own miraculous power. Sarvashura, return by the Tathagata’s miraculous power.”
Then the bodhisattva Sarvashura arose, circumambulated the Blessed One and, right there, became invisible.

Then Blessed One taught the Dharma to the others, those extremist naked ones:

“Friends, birth is suffering. Even birth itself is suffering. Having been born, there occur many fears of suffering. Having been born, fears of sickness occur. From sickness, the fear of aging occurs. From aging, the fear of death occurs.”
“Blessed One, Saying ‘from birth, the fear of being born will be born’ - what is that?”
“Having been born as a human, many fears occur. Fear of the king arises. Fear of thieves occurs. Fear of fire occurs. Fear of poison occurs. Fear of water occurs. Fear of wind occurs. Fear of whirlpools occurs. Fear of the actions one has done occurs.
The Blessed One taught the Dharma in many such aspects as the topic of birth, and at that time, at that moment, the others, those extremist naked ones, were utterly terrified, and said, “From now on, we do not ever wish birth.” 11

When the Blessed One explained this Sanghata sutra dharma-paryaya, the others, those 18 million extremist naked ones, completed the unsurpassed perfectly complete enlightenment. From his own retinue as well, 18,000 bodhisattvas were abiding on the tenth ground, and they all manifested magical emanations as well, such as the following: some displayed the form of a horse, the form of an elephant,
the form of a tiger, the form of a garuda, the form of Mount Sumeru and forms like a swastika, and some the form of a tree. They all sat cross-legged on lotus thrones as well.

Nine thousand million bodhisattvas sat down to the right of the Blessed One. Nine thousand million bodhisattvas sat down to the left of the Blessed One, and the Blessed One remained in meditative equipoise the entire time, and he appeared to teach the Dharma by means of skilful means.

On the seventh day, the Blessed One stretches out the palm of his hand, and knows that the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura is coming there from the Unsurpassed Lotus universe. When the bodhisattva, the great being, Sarvashura was going various places by the blessing of the strength of his own miraculous power, it took seven days to go to that Padmottara (Unsurpassed Lotus) universe.

When the Blessed One stretched out his hand, at that time the bodhisattva Sarvashura was in the presence of the Blessed One. After circumambulating the Blessed One three times, his mind becoming inspired with trust in the Blessed One, he placed his palms together in homage in the direction where the Blessed One was, and said this to the Blessed One:

“Blessed One, since I went to all the universes of the ten directions, Blessed One, by one of my miraculous powers I saw 99,000 millions of Buddha fields, and by two of my miraculous powers, I saw a thousand million Blessed Ones, and on the seventh day, having gone to the Unsurpassed Lotus universe, on the way, I also saw hundreds of thousands of millions of unshakable Buddha fields.

“Blessed One, then the Buddhas, Blessed Ones, display magical emanations, and in 92,000 millions of Buddha fields Blessed Ones teach the Dharma. And on that very day, I saw in 80,000 of millions of Buddha fields 80,000 million Tathagatas, Arhats, perfectly completed Buddhas arising in the world. After making prostrations to all those Blessed Ones, I went forward.

“Blessed One, on that very day, I passed 39,000 million Buddha fields, and in those 39,000 million Buddha fields, 39,000 million bodhisattvas arose, and on that very day, they were completely enlightened in the unsurpassed, perfectly completed awakening. I circumambulated those Blessed Ones, Tathagatas, Arhats, perfectly completed Buddhas, three times, and I became invisible by means of miraculous power.

“Blessed One, I also saw Buddhas, Blessed Ones, in 60 million Buddha fields. Blessed One, I made prostrations to the Buddha fields and to the Buddhas, Blessed Ones, and continued on.

“Blessed One. I saw in another eight million Buddha fields Tathagatas producing the deed of passing into nirvana. After making prostrations to those Blessed Ones as well, I continued on.

“Moreover, Blessed One, in 95 million Buddha fields, I saw the disappearance of the holy Dharma. I became distressed and burst into tears. Moreover, I saw gods, nagas, yakshas, rakshasas, and many embodied beings of the desire realm weeping, pierced with great agonizing pains. Moreover, similarly, Blessed One, to these Buddha fields together with their oceans, with their Mount Sumeru, and with their land, that were all without exception burnt, I made prostrations and becoming without hope, I went off.
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“Blessed One, up until I came to the Padmottara universe, Blessed One, I saw also five hundreds of thousands of millions of thrones set up. In the southern direction, 100,000 million thrones were set up. In the northern direction, I saw 100,000 million thrones set up; in the eastern direction, 100,000 million thrones set up, in the western direction, 100,000 million thrones set up, in the upper direction, 100,000 million thrones set up.

Blessed One, also those thrones that were set up were only made from the seven types of precious jewels. And on all these thrones, too, Tathagatas sit and are teaching the Dharma. I was amazed at those Blessed Ones, and then asked those Tathagatas, ‘What is the name of this Buddha universe?’ and those Blessed Ones spoke: ‘Child of the lineage, this universe is named Padmottara.’

“Blessed One, then, after I had circumambulated those Tathagatas, I asked, ‘What is the name of this Buddha field’s Tathagata?’

“They spoke: ‘The one called Tathagata, Arhat, perfectly completed Buddha Padmagarbha (Lotus Essence) performs the activities of a Buddha in this Buddha field.’
“Then I asked this of them: ‘Since there are even many hundreds of thousands of millions of Buddhas, and since I have not encountered the Tathagata, Arhat, perfectly completed Buddha Padmagarbha, which is that one?’

“Those Blessed Ones spoke: ‘Child of the lineage, we will show you the one called Tathagata, Arhat, perfectly completed Buddha Padmagarbha.’

“Then the holy bodies of all those Tathagatas disappeared, and they were only present in the forms of bodhisattvas. A lone Tathagata being present, I made prostrations with my head at the holy feet of that Tathagata.

When I went there, a throne arose, and then I went to that throne. And, Blessed One, at that time, many thrones arose, but not seeing anyone going to those thrones, I said to that Tathagata, ‘Blessed One, I do not see any sentient beings at all on those thrones.’

“That Tathagata spoke: ‘Sentient beings who have not produced the root of virtue do not have the power to sit on those thrones.’

‘I said, ‘Blessed One, if one makes what kind of root of virtue will one go to those thrones?’

“That Blessed One spoke: ‘Listen, child of the lineage. Sentient beings who have heard the Sanghata sutra dharma-paryaya, by that root of virtue will sit on these thrones, and there is no need to mention those who have written or read it. Sarvashura, you have heard the Sanghata sutra dharma-paryaya and therefore you are sitting on this seat. But otherwise how would you have entered into this Buddha field!’

“That Blessed One spoke thus, and I said the following to that Blessed One:

‘Blessed One, how much is the mass of merit that one who hears the Sanghata sutra dharma-paryaya will produce?’
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